How to write an effective usability testing script (templates + examples)

To get the most out of a usability study, it’s vital to create a usability testing script. With this script, you’ll be able to run a successful usability test. Here, we'll show you how to sculpt the perfect usability test script.

Usability testing is made far more effective when using a test script. There are numerous benefits of scripting out the test, including:

All in all, having a well-thought-out script for your usability test is a must.

Matthieu Dixte, Product Researcher at Maze suggests aligning and framing your research plan before you start writing your usability test script, “This helps identify the target audience, select the appropriate usability testing method, and the script/questions that are part of that test.”

According to Mattieu, there are several elements every usability plan should have:

Remember, when preparing to start usability testing, you shouldn’t be going into it with a broad objective of “getting feedback on the product.” That’s too vague of a goal. The results you get will be scattered, possibly inconsistent, and difficult to get insights from.

Instead, the test should cover realistic actions that users will take with your product to help you detect usability problems and see if your product is easily understandable. A better goal, for a language-learning app, for example, would be “see if the user can start a new conversation in their target language.”

You also want to outline who the testing users will be, as well as how many test participants to include. Finally, remember to get consent from these users beforehand. This is usually done with a consent form. And if you’re running a moderated usability test, make sure the participants are aware that you’ll be seeing their screen and hearing their voice while they’re testing your product.

Now you’re ready to start creating your usability test script.

To make your usability test go well, your script should:

Let’s break the actual test script down into four sections: Introduction, background questions, tasks, and the wrap-up.

The first thing to do is to outline how this usability testing session is going to go. Especially if this is the test user’s first time participating in a usability study, it’s good to get on the same page. You can set expectations, let them know how long the process will take, and clarify any issues they might have.

A usability test isn’t performed by robots. It’s people completing tasks being monitored by other people. Back and forth communication is possibly the most important part of a usability test. So, you want your test users to feel comfortable with you before they start the test itself, and getting off on the right foot as early as the introduction is the best way to start a positive rapport.

In fact, this goes for before and during the test. The user should be well-informed as they enter the test, and having the ability to communicate while testing can also be helpful.

So, introduce yourself and your team. Break the ice as much as possible. Try to find a place you’ve both visited, an activity you both enjoy, or shared career experiences.

You don’t have to invite them for dinner, but if you can build a nice rapport before the test starts, then their feedback will be more honest, and the results will be better for it.

“Don’t underestimate the importance of background questions,” warns Matthieu, “The order of the questions or steps in a test can influence the sequence of answers. Respondents may be biased by their previous answers.”

Once you’ve introduced yourself properly to your participants, you’ll now want to get some background information on them. This group of information will help to better inform you of why their experience went the way it did. Try to found out:

Try to keep questions about their experience as open-ended as you can. The objective here is to gauge their level of understanding in general. E.g. “We have a tool called “troubleshooting”, what do you think this would do?”

Finally, you want to double-check that they’ve given their consent. You have a legal and moral obligation to ensure they’ve consented to this study, and that they understand fully what the study entails.

This is the stage where the testing actually begins. There are countless variables that can make the test go better or worse, and a lot of this depends on your usability method. If you're using heuristic evaluation, for instance, your script may look a little different. This section is a general outline for how to write well-scripted usability tasks.

Let’s use the example of a language app that matches native speakers with people learning their language:

The language you use when giving instructions is important, and the details are also nuanced. Subtle hints in commands can influence the way users engage with the program. Especially if they feel you’re trying to get them to perform a task in a particular way, they will have a different experience and perspective of the task itself.

Your tasks should also follow a logical and realistic sequence. You don’t want to send the users between pages at random to perform tasks. Instead, consider a sequence of tasks more like:

If your tasks can’t be arranged to follow a neat sequence, then at least keep them clustered to an element of the product.

Make these tasks as direct and plain as possible. Some other things to avoid:

There is a difference between setting the scene and giving totally superfluous exposition. Tasks that resemble a real-life scenario are preferable, it even helps you to get realistic data. But, don’t give too many details, especially ones that aren’t actually relevant to the test.

Finally, make sure you’re able to communicate both ways during the test. Being able to record the voice of the user while they’re testing the product can be a huge boost. Hearing their thought process gives a whole new layer of context, and can better inform you of why things go wrong.

At this stage, your participants are using the product or service, performing the tasks you've scripted. Your role now is to don your detective hat, watch users interact with your product, and ask the right questions to gather meaningful insights.

While any data gathered from usability tasks will be helpful, there’s a wealth of proverbial gold-dust you can gather from observation and additional questions. Observation gives you a first-hand view into how users navigate your product; you can notice thought processes, hesitations, changes in mind or perception. Accompanying this with probing questions adds a new layer to understanding the 'why' behind these actions.

If the quantitative data of usability metrics is the outline sketch, the qualitative insights from observation and questions are the color.

In this phase, you should keep an eye on:

Now, you can complement those observations with intentional questions. Matthieu recommends asking probing questions like:

Once the test has finished, the final step to take with your test users is to get their more general thoughts on the process. This is the final set of usability testing questions that you’ll be giving to your participants. This gives the chance to soak up any details about the test user’s experience, so make the most of it!

Aim to ask follow-up questions about:

A well-structured script helps maintain consistency across multiple sessions and participants, which is critical for reliable results. Here's a user-friendly and adaptable script template that you can use as a starting point for a variety of usability tests.

While this template provides a broad framework, it should be tailored to suit the unique needs and characteristics of your product or service, your test participants, and your specific test objectives.

To finish off, we’ll give a brief example of a usability test script.

Let’s say you’ve created a program that helps users to find the perfect movie to watch. The program has a huge range of custom filters, like original language, scenes of violence, the emotional tone of the film, and so on. You can add profiles of your family to your account, and choose which filters to add for any particular search.

Your objective of a usability test in this example could be: The user can find a movie that’s suitable to watch with their young children. Your test group for this demographic is: Parents of young children.

Once you’ve set up the screen sharing, you’re ready to go.

Let’s look at an example usability test script for this movie-searching program.

Hi Maria, how are you? I really appreciate you taking time out of your day to participate in this test. I am Susan and I’m a researcher at Maze.

(If you are with colleagues, you should also introduce them to the test user, too.)

So, let me outline how this will go. I’d like to start by asking you some questions about who you are, your background, and your relevant experience. I will then ask you to perform some tasks on our language-learning app. Once the tasks have been completed, I’d like to get some feedback from you about your experience with our program.

We’re doing this usability test to see how users interact with our software, and to hear their thoughts on it. We’re trying to make this the best it can be, so your honest thoughts are really important to us.

Is there anything you’d like to ask before we get going?

Finally, I’d like to make sure you’re comfortable with us recording today’s session. Is this okay with you?

Fantastic, so I’ll now start recording the audio and dive into some background questions.

So, Maria, could you tell us what your current job title is, and a brief overview of what your job entails?

(Here, you’ll want to get through the list of background questions you have prepared.)

Thank you for your answers. We’re now ready to start the test. Before we begin, I’d like to remind you of a few things.

First off, remember that we aren’t testing you today, we’re testing our program. So if something isn’t working, don’t worry, it’s a problem with our software and not something you’ve done wrong. In fact, there are no wrong answers here.

When using the program, try to act as naturally as possible. I get that it’s hard to do that with us watching your screen. But, please try to act as if you were using the app on your own, without anyone watching.

Please think aloud as you’re using our program. We really want to hear your thoughts, like where you’re navigating on the page, why you’re clicking somewhere, what you expect to happen when you do click, that sort of thing. If you have questions, feel free to ask me, and I’ll answer all of them I can.

Finally, we’d like you to be as honest as possible. If something doesn’t make sense on the page, or it’s not working right, then feel free to tell us. You’re not going to hurt our feelings, so don’t worry about that.

Great, so let’s begin. I’ll now start recording your screen.

While you interact with the program, I'll be observing your actions. I might ask questions if I notice something interesting or unusual.

For example, I might ask, 'I noticed you hesitated before setting that filter. Can you share what made you pause?' Or if you avoid using a feature, I might ask, 'Is there a reason why you didn't choose to use that feature?'

These questions help me understand your thought process better, and they're not intended to guide your actions. Just carry on as naturally as possible.

Please don’t worry about making mistakes, as any struggles you encounter can provide valuable insights for us. Remember, we’re testing the program, not you.

So, let’s continue with the next task. Please search for a movie that you, as an adult, would enjoy watching after the kids are in bed.

And that’s the final task finished! I’ve stopped recording your screen.

Before we finish, I’d like to ask you a few quick questions.

Firstly, what did you think of the homepage?

(Continue to go through the list of wrap-up questions, as well as any questions specific to this user about actions they took).

Thank you for that. Is there anything you’d like to add before we finish up?

Fantastic. Well, thank you again so much for taking the time out of your day to take part in this study with us. Your input today will be extremely useful for us. Take care, I hope to speak to you soon. Goodbye!